adventurers beware
Posted: February 2th
atla-annotated:

Greetings and showing of respect in the Avatar Universe
The atla universe uses several traditional Chinese greetings.
The Fire Nation style greeting shown in the atla pictures above closely resembles the greeting known as Bao Quan 抱拳 i.e. the Chinese martial arts style greeting.
The way Azuala’s soldiers greet her on the ship is known as a kowtow i.e. a show of respect reserved for high officials, nobility, royalty and religious practice.
Neither Bao Quan nor Gong Shou are done in Japan. They are uniquely Chinese greetings. 

Gong Shou  拱手

Gong Shou is a common traditional practice of greeting among the  chinese, notably during the traditional chinese festival such as Chinese  New Year, marriage ceremony, between neighbours, friends, colleagues  etc. It is polite way of representing respect, blessing and wishes. It  is also practised when saying goodbye.To practise such greeting, the  common way is to stand up with your upper body fully upright, extend  your two elbows, then wrap your two hands/fists together as one in front  of your chest (usually the left fist will be clenched, while the right  palm will wrap the left fist). After wrapping the fist together, just  shake the together up/down many times. (You will probably see this  common practice in chinese kungfu movie or historical drama series). Gong Shou is usually accompanied by traditional chinese greeting words  such as “Gong Xi Gong Xi 恭喜,恭喜” (Congratulations! Congratulations!  ),”Jiu Yang Jiu Yang 久仰、久仰” (Long Time No See),”Qing Duo Duo Guan Zhao  请多多关照” (Please take good care) ,”Jie Ri Guai Le 节日快乐” (Happy Festival)  ,”Hou Hui You Qi 后会有期” (see you later and in the future).

 Martial Arts Greeting Bao Quan 抱拳

This is a common etiquette in Chinese Martial Arts. The etiquette is  known “Bao Quan Li 抱拳礼” (literally translated as “Fist Wrapping Rite”.  You will see this in Chinese Kungfu movie or in chinese martial arts  sparring. The common practice is as follow: Stand Upright with the body straight. Clench your right fist. Straighten  your left palm to have 4 fingers in plane, and your left thumb slightly  bend. Wrap your two hands together (the left palm over the right  clenched fist). Placed the two hands in front of your chest, but making  sure that your two eldows do not come up. There are philosophical martial arts meaning about this practice: The  left palm (with 4 fingers) symbolizes Virtue, Wisdom, Health, Art, which  are also called the “4 nurturing elements”, symbolizing the spirit of  Martial arts. The left thumb is slightly bent to mean that one should  not be arrogant or always attempt to be no.1 . The right fist symbolizes  rigorous practice.  Since the right fist is clenched, it means a form  of ‘attack’ but with the left palm wrapping it, it means “discipline”  and ‘restraint/control in order not to abuse the martial practice”. Another explanation is that the left hand symbolizes the “5 lakes 五湖”  while the right fist clenched symbolzies “4 sea 四海”). When the left hand  is placed onto the right hand, it means that “people in the 5 lakes and  4 seas are all brothers” (五湖四海皆兄弟). It’s a practice to respect and  prevent fightings among the different martial groups in the past.

Bowing (also known as “Ketou 磕头” or Kowtow)

Bowing was a form of ancient chinese practice when a commoner or an  official greet an emperor. It was also practised when a commoner greet  an official (such as magistrate or someone in the chinese bureaucracy).  The common practice was to kneel down on the floor, and then bow with  heads touching the ground and two hands landing on the floor. Such practice was largely abandoned after Chinese imperialism ended in  1911. Today, chinese rarely bow, although it can be quite common ‘knock  the head’ as a form of slight bowing in greeting. Kowtoy (bowing) is only practised today in Chinese religious  ceremony/rituals such as ancestor worship, daoist ceremony, buddhist  paying homage to the Buddha etc. The 90 degree bowing is however  practised in Japanese culture.

Sources: One, two, three, four, five
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    This stuff is endlessly fascinating. See what a bit research does to really improve a project, M Night.
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